Brachycephalic meaning – having a relatively broad, short skull (typically with the breadth at least 80 per cent of the length). Brachycephalic, or as we know them, the flat faced breeds can have problems breathing, with some needing corrective surgery to widen their nostrils.
What breeds are brachycephalic?
- French Bulldog
- English Bulldog
- Pug
- Shih-Tzu
- Boston Terrier
- Boxer
- Pekingese
These are just a few of the breeds, that over the years have suffered due to bad breeding.
There are some very good breeders who know what they are doing, and will do their research, so to keep with the breed standard, without compromising the health of the dog.
What health issues can they have?
Not all brachycephalic breeds will have these problems, but some vets report that they are seeing an increasing number with health issues.
Breathing problems
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, or BOAS for short, is the inability to breathe normally. Flat faced dogs have a shorter muzzle, but often the soft tissue around the mouth, nose and throat is the same as a dog with a longer muzzle, which means that the extra tissue and skin causes the airway to be narrowed as it is all squeezed into a smaller space. Nostrils are usually narrower in these breeds, making inhaling more difficult.
Brachycephalic breeds are more likely to suffer in the heat too. A dog cant sweat, and so cools down by panting. These breeds struggle to do that.
Skin problems
Because of the shape of their heads they will usually have skin folds around their eyes and nose. This can lead to yeast infections and can become very sore.
Eye problems
These breeds usually have quite prominent eyes, and can suffer problems as a result. They are vulnerable to injury, which can lead to ulceration of the eyeball.
Dental issues
Some, but not all, can have issues with their teeth. The reason for this is because some may have a shortened upper jaw, but still have the same number of teeth as a dog with a long muzzle. (Adult dogs have 42 teeth). Because of their short skull, this can cause teeth to overlap, and in turn, cause problems.
Caring for your brachycephalic dog
Number one, GET THEM INSURED!
You will have the peace of mind knowing that you can cover the numerous amounts of vet bills that you undoubtedly will have to pay. But, be aware, pet insurance will not cover pregnancy or birth, so if you decide to breed from your dog, and she needs a caesarean, you will be looking to pay in the region of £2000, and if it is out of hours emergency, that figure will probably double. More often than not these breeds require surgical intervention when giving birth, due to pups large skulls, and mums narrow birth canal.
Don’t exercise them in the heat. They cant cool down quickly and can succumb to heatstroke.
Keep their skin fold clean, and dry thoroughly after cleaning.
Don’t let them become overweight. Again, this will affect their breathing, but also put added stress on their joints.
In summary, please do your homework before you get one of these breeds. A high percentage of them cannot live a happy, healthy life, without help from a vet. On the up side, they are usually friendly dogs, who will make a lovely addition to your family.